Bacterial Vaginosis

BV is a condition that happens when there is too much of certain bacteria in the vagina, causing an imbalance of the vaginal normal flora.

It is a common vaginal condition caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria found in the vagina. This condition can affect women of all ages, but it is most prevalent among women of reproductive age.

Causes

Occurs when there is an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina, disrupting the natural balance.

BV is caused by an overgrowth of normal vaginal flora. Most commonly, this presents clinically with increased vaginal discharge that has a fish-like odour. The discharge itself is typically thin and either grey or white.

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Common causes may include:

• Having multiple sexual partners.
• Douching- causes imbalance of the vaginal flora.
• Using scented soaps or vaginal deodorants.
• Smoking.
• Natural lack of Lactobacilli bacteria.

Symptoms

Many women with BV do not experience symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:

• A thin, greyish-white vaginal discharge.
• A strong, fishy odour, especially after sex.
• Vaginal itching or irritation.
• Burning sensation during urination.

Diagnosis

BV is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.

• The doctor may use a swab to get a sample of fluid from your vagina then send to the lab to determine which types of bacteria are present.
• The doctor may also measure the pH balance of the vagina to check its acidity level.

Treatment

After being diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis, patients have an increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STI), and pregnant patients may have an increased risk of early delivery.

For these reasons, getting a professional diagnosis is key to ensure treatment is successful

BV is typically treated with antibiotics, which can be prescribed in various forms such as pills, creams, or gels.

It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Antibiotics are normally effective 90% of the BV cases, but often times comes back after some weeks.

For recurrent cases of BV, a doctor may recommend an extended course of metronidazole.

BV vs. yeast infection

The medical term for a vaginal yeast infection is Vaginal Candidiasis.

BV is different from a yeast infection, which results from an overgrowth of Candida fungus. Instead, BV is a bacterial condition and Yeast infection is fungal infection.

A yeast infection can cause:

• Vaginal itchiness or soreness.
• Abnormal vaginal discharge.
• Pain or discomfort when urinating.
• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.

BV causes vaginal discharge that is watery, white or grey, and fishy-smelling. A yeast infection typically causes vaginal discharge that is thick, creamy, and odorless.

Because a yeast infection is fungal and BV is bacterial, they require different treatments. For this reason, it is crucial to receive a professional diagnosis before treating the symptoms.

Prevention tips

To reduce the risk of developing BV, consider the following preventive measures:

• Using a barrier method of protection, such as a condom, during sexual intercourse.
• Avoiding douching.
• Avoiding perfumed bubble baths.
• Not using scented soaps or vaginal deodorants.
• Washing underwear in gentle detergents.
• Having a daily oral probiotic.