Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is a widespread eye condition that causes inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye and lining the inside of the eyelids. This inflammation leads to redness, irritation, and discharge, making conjunctivitis both uncomfortable.
It is a frequent eye condition in children. While it is typically mild, it can be highly contagious, particularly in school or daycare settings. For parents, understanding how to recognize, treat, and prevent conjunctivitis in children is essential for maintaining their health and preventing the spread of infection.
The causes of conjunctivitis vary, but the condition can be classified into four main types:
- Viral infections: This is the most common type and often accompanies colds, sore throats, or respiratory infections.
- Bacterial infections: Caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus or Streptococcus, bacterial conjunctivitis can lead to severe redness and pus-filled discharge.
- Allergic reactions: Allergens like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites can cause allergic conjunctivitis, often affecting both eyes.
- Irritants: Chemical exposure (e.g., chlorine in pools or smoke) can trigger irritant conjunctivitis, causing a temporary inflammatory reaction.
The key symptoms of conjunctivitis
- Redness and irritation: This is a hallmark symptom, as blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed.
- Discharge: Depending on the cause, the discharge may be watery (viral or allergic conjunctivitis) or thick and pus-like (bacterial conjunctivitis).
- Light sensitivity: Some people with conjunctivitis may find their eyes are more sensitive to light.
- Swollen eyelids: The inflammation may cause puffiness or a swollen appearance around the eyes.
The best defense against conjunctivitis is maintaining proper eye hygiene. Here are some strategies:
- Wash hands frequently: Always wash your hands before touching your eyes or face, especially if you’ve been in public spaces.
- Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes: This can transfer bacteria or viruses from your hands to your eyes.
- Proper contact lens care: Always follow recommended cleaning protocols for your contact lenses, and never share them with others.
- Avoid sharing personal items: Don’t share towels, pillowcases, or eye makeup, as this can easily spread infections.
- Manage allergies: Use air purifiers and keep windows closed during high-pollen seasons to minimize the risk of allergic conjunctivitis.
In many cases, mild conjunctivitis can be managed with home treatments:
- Warm or Cold Compresses: Apply a warm compress to help soothe irritation or a cold compress to reduce swelling in cases of allergic conjunctivitis.
- Artificial Tears: Over-the-counter eye drops can provide moisture and relieve irritation.
- Clean the Eyes: Gently wipe away any discharge using sterile cotton or a clean, damp cloth. Make sure to clean the eye from the inner corner to the outer corner to prevent spreading bacteria.
However, home remedies can only go so far. If symptoms worsen, become more painful, or last beyond a few days, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider. Bacterial conjunctivitis often requires antibiotic eye drops or ointments for proper treatment.
With a few simple steps, it is possible to prevent the spread of conjunctivitis and manage mild symptoms at home. However, it’s essential to recognize when medical attention is needed to avoid complications. Proper hygiene and prompt care are key to keeping your eyes healthy.
Contact your healthcare our pharmacists for further information on medication.
